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Computer and network reference
The following information is provided as a free informational service on a variety of Information Technology subjects. Click on the subject heading below to expand list of subject matter.
Computing and Networking
Microsoft
Cisco
TCP/IP Networking
Comparison of the OSI and DOD models
| DOD Model | OSI Model | Network Protocols | |
| Process / Application | Application | Telnet, FTP, SMTP, FTAM (File Transfer, Access, and Management), VTP (Virtual Terminal Protocol),CMID (Common Management and Information Protocol | |
| Presentation | ASCII, EBCDIC, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, WAV | ||
| Session | RPC, ZIP (Zone Information Protocol), SCP (Session Control Protocol) | ||
| Host to Host | Transport | TCP, UDP, SPX, NBP (Name Binding Protocol) | |
| Internet | Network | IP, ICMP, IGRP, IPv6, GRE, IPX in IP, L2TP, ARP, RARP, Ping, Tracert, IPX, BGP, OSPF, RIP | |
| Network Access | Datalink | Logical Link Control (LLC)Layer | LAN - Ethernet (802.3), Fast Ethernet, Token Ring (802.5), Wi-Fi (802.11), FDDI |
| WAN -Frame Relay, ATM, LAP, LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced), SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Control), PPP, SMDS, SIP | |||
| Media Access Control (MAC) Layer | MAC (hardware) addressing | ||
| Physical | Electrical (Copper), Optical (Fiber), Radio (Air), Photonic (Light, Laser) |
| Memory Chart | |||
| Type | Speed | Bus Speed | |
| DDR | PC2100 | 266Mhz | 133MHz |
| DDR | PC2700 | 333MHz | 166MHz |
| DDR | PC3200 | 400MHz | 200MHz |
| DDR | PC3500 | 433MHz | 216MHz |
| DDR | PC3700 | 466MHz | 233MHz |
| DDR | PC4000 | 500MHz | 250MHz |
| DDR | PC4200 | 533MHz | 266MHz |
| DDR | PC4400 | 550MHz | 275MHz |
| DDR | PC4500 | 566MHz | 283MHz |
| DDR | PC4800 | 600MHz | 300MHz |
| DDR | PC5000 | 625MHz | 313MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-4200 | 533MHz | 266MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-5400 | 667MHz | 333MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-6000 | 750MHz | 375MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-6400 | 800MHz | 400MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-8000 | 1000MHz | 500MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-8800 | 1100MHz | 550MHz |
| DDR2 | PC2-9000 | 1120MHz | 560MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-6400 | 800MHz | 400MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-8500 | 1066MHz | 533MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-10666 | 1333MHz | 667MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-12800 | 1600MHz | 800MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-14400 | 1800MHz | 900MHz |
| DDR3 | PC3-16000 | 2000MHz | 1000MHz |
IEEE 802 Working Groups and Networking Protocols
| Standard | Name | Description | Status |
| 802.1 | Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group | Active | |
| 802.2 | Novell | Logical Link Control Working Group | Inactive |
| 802.3 | Ethernet | Ethernet Working Group | Active |
| 802.4 | Token Bus Working Group | Inactive | |
| 802.5 | Token Ring | Token Ring Working Group | Inactive |
| 802.6 | Metropolitan Area Network Working Group | Disbanded | |
| 802.7 | Broadband TAG | Disbanded | |
| 802.8 | Fiber Optic TAG | Disbanded | |
| 802.9 | Isochronous LAN Working Group | Inactive | |
| 802.10 | Security Working Group | Inactive | |
| 802.11 | Wi-Fi | Wireless LAN Working Group | Active |
| 802.12 | Demand Priority Working Group | Inactive | |
| 802.14 | Cable Modem Working Group (Temporarily housed off-site) | Disbanded | |
| 802.15 | Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group | Active | |
| 802.16 | Broadband Wireless Access Working Group | Active | |
| 802.17 | Resilient Packet Ring Working Group | Active | |
| 802.18 | Radio Regulatory TAG | Active | |
| 802.19 | Coexistence TAG | Active | |
| 802.20 | Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group | Active |
| WINS | NETBIOS |
| Local NetBIOS Name Cache | Local Host Name |
| WINS Server | HOSTS Files |
| B-Node Broadcast | DNS |
| LMHOSTS File |
Cisco Router Configuration Cheat Sheet
| Networking | IEEE | Cisco Term | Frame Type |
| TCP/IP | 802.3 | arpa | Ethernet II |
| Novell | |||
| Netware 3.11 or lower (default) | 802.3 | novell-ether | Ethernet 802.3 |
| Netware 3.12 or higher | 802.2 | sap | Ethernet 802.2, Token Ring, FDDI 802.2 |
| AppleTalk on TCP/IP | 802.2 | snap | Ethernet SNAP, Token Ring SNAP, FDDI SNAP |
| Address Mapping | TLA | Known | Unknown |
| Address Resolution Protocol | ARP | IP, Network, Logical, Layer 3 | MAC, Media Access Control, Hardware, Layer 2 |
| Reverse Address Resolution Protocol | RARP | MAC, Layer 2 | IP, Network, Logical, Layer 3 |
| Routing | |||
| Static Routing | ip route [dest net] [mask] [next hop address (gateway)] [admin distance] [perm] | ||
| ip route [dest net] [mask] [exit interface] [admin distance] [perm] | |||
| Distance Vector | |||
| Routing Information Protocol | RIP | ||
| Interior Gateway Routing Protocol | IGRP | ||
| Link State | |||
| Open Shortest Path First | OSPF | ||
| Hybrid (DV and LS) | |||
| Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol | EIGRP | ||
| Exterior Gateway Protocols | |||
| Border Gateway Protocol | BGP | ||
| Wildcard Masks | |||
| 255.255.255.255 | any | ||
| 0.0.0.0 | host | ||
| Cisco IP Configuration Conventions | |||
| Network address of all 0s means "this network or segment" | |||
| Network address of all 1s means "all networks" | |||
| Node address of all 0s means "this node" | |||
| Node address of all 1s means "all nodes" | |||
| Entire IP address set to all 0s is the Cisco default route | |||
| Entire IP address set to all 1s is the broadcast address for all nodes on the current network | |||
TCP/IP Networking
IP Subnet Calculator http://www.subnet-calculator.com/
The IP Subnet Mask Calculator enables Subnet network calculations using network class, IP address, subnet mask, subnet bits, mask bits, maximum required IP subnets and maximum required hosts per subnet.
TCP IP Networking Guidelines | |||||||
Mask | Networks | Hosts Per Network | Range | ||||
A | B | C | |||||
Full Class | A | 255.0.0.0 | 126 | 16.77 M | 1.X.X.X -126.X.X.X | ||
B | 255.255.0.0 | 16K | 65.5 K | 128.X.X.X - 191.X.X.X | |||
C | 255.255.255.0 | 2M | 254 | 192.X.X.X - 223.X.X.X | |||
D | Multicasting | 224.X.X.X-239.X.X.X | |||||
E | Scientific | 240.X.X.X-255.X.X.X | |||||
Testing | 127.X.X.X | ||||||
Loopback | 127.1.1.1 | ||||||
Non-Routable Private | A | 255.0.0.0 | 1 | 16.77 M | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 | ||
B | 255.255.0.0 | 16 | 65.5 K | 172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255 | |||
APIPA | 255.255.0.0 | 16 | 65.5K | 168.294.0.0 - 168.294.255.255 | |||
C | 255.255.255.0 | 255 | 254 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 | |||
Binary | |||||||